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The Origin and Use of John Wesley’s 22 Questions for Self‑Examination

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When John Wesley gathered the first Methodist societies in the 1730s and 1740s, he wasn’t trying to start a new denomination. He was trying to form a people who took the gospel seriously enough to let it reshape their daily lives. Wesley believed that God’s grace is always moving—awakening, justifying, sanctifying—and that Christians grow best when they pay attention to how grace is at work within them. One of the most practical tools Wesley used for this spiritual formation was a set of self-examination questions. These questions did not appear in a single moment but grew out of the early Methodist “bands,” small groups of three to five people who met weekly for honest confession, encouragement, and accountability. The goal was not guilt but growth. Wesley wanted believers to cultivate a life that was awake to God, honest about sin, and open to the transforming work of the Spirit. The “22 Questions” were compiled for these band meetings and reflect Wesley’s deep conviction that ho...
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Which Jesus Do You Choose? (Matthew 27:15-23)

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In Matthew 27:15-23 , we see a strange and unsettling custom. To celebrate the festival, the governor would release one prisoner chosen by the crowd. Pilate gives them a choice that seems obvious on the surface. On one hand, there is Jesus Barabbas , a “notorious prisoner.” On the other, there is Jesus, the one called the Messiah , who had spent his days healing the sick and preaching about the kingdom of God. Now, let me make a note about the names. Barabbas (or Bar Abbas ) means son of the father. So, on the one hand you have Jesus, son of the father, and on the other hand you have Jesus, Son of the Father.  So, which ‘hand’ do you choose? Which Jesus do you choose? It is a heartbreaking moment. The crowd, stirred up by leaders who felt threatened by love and mercy, chose the way of violence over the way of peace. They shouted for Barabbas to be set free and for Jesus to be crucified.  This act represents a rejection of Jesus’s peaceful message in favor of a figure w...
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Wake, Listen, and Serve (Isaiah 50:4‑9a)

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The prophet Isaiah provides us with several passages that describe the one we often call the “Suffering Servant”. Beginning with the New Testament itself, the church has traditionally identified Christ as the Suffering Servant (e.g., Matthew 12:18-21; Acts 8:26-35 ).  In today’s text Isaiah speaks of a servant who wakes each morning ready to listen, to speak, and to endure. The servant’s strength does not come from stubborn self-reliance but from a daily yielding to God’s call. The image of setting one’s face “like flint” shows a determination rooted in trust: God helps, so there is no need to be ashamed. In our Wesleyan tradition, we talk a lot about “prevenient grace”—the way God is already working in our lives before we even realize it. Here, the servant recognizes that his ability to speak comfort to the weary isn’t something he came up with on his own. It is a gift. But notice that before the servant has a “tongue of a teacher,” he must have the “ear of a learner.” Mornin...
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Freedom from the Powers that Bind (Sermon - Lent 5)

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This sermon was preached on March 22, 2026, at Ebenezer UMC and Black Creek UMC for the Fifth Sunday of Lent. The scriptures of the day are: Ezekiel 37:1-14, Psalm 130, Romans 8:6-11, John 11:1-45 . 1. Being Stuck Have you ever felt truly stuck? It is a sensation that defines so much of our human condition. We often use the word metaphorically—we are stuck in a career, stuck in a grief that won’t lift, or stuck in an old pattern of behavior. But whether it is emotional, mental, or physical, being stuck is a form of paralysis. It is that heavy, suffocating moment when something wraps itself around your heart or your spirit and simply refuses to let go. This state of being bound creates a barrier between the person you are and the life God intended for you to live. I remember when I was at Duke Divinity School and I was serving as a student pastor for three churches in Sampson County. It was a long two-hour drive between the two, and to maintain my sanity amidst the rigors of study...
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I Am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life (John 14:1-6)

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There are days when the world feels heavy. News headlines, personal struggles, and uncertain futures can stir up anxiety in our hearts. There are moments in life when the heart feels crowded with questions. What will happen next? How will this turn out? Where am I going, and how will I get there? Sometimes those questions are small and everyday. Sometimes they come in hospital rooms, at kitchen tables, or in the quiet of the night when sleep will not come. Into that very human space of worry and uncertainty, Jesus speaks these words: “Do not let your hearts be troubled. Believe in God, believe also in me” (v. 1). [ See all of John 14:1-6 here .] Jesus speaks these words to his disciples on the night before the cross. They sense that change is coming, and not the kind of change they want. He has just told them that he will be leaving them, and their hearts are shaken. Yet Jesus does not scold them for being afraid. Instead, he invites them to trust. Our faith in Christ does not re...
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“Breath of Life” — Hope That Rises Again

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This week we have been looking at the scripture texts assigned by the lectionary for this Sunday — the Fifth Sunday of Lent. Ezekiel 37:1–14; Psalm 130; Romans 8:6–11; John 11:1–45 Each of these scriptures points us to the heart of God’s promise: death does not have the final word . Lent leads us through times of emptiness, confession, and longing, but always with the whisper of resurrection waiting ahead. In Ezekiel’s vision, God brings the prophet to a valley full of dry bones. It is a place that once held life but now lies silent and bare. God asks, “Can these bones live?” Only God knows the answer. Then the breath of God moves through the valley, and the bones rattle together, rise, and live again. The Spirit brings life where there was only death. The breath of God brings renewal. What seemed hopeless is restored. Psalm 130 echoes that same cry—from the depths of despair, the psalmist waits for God’s mercy. “I wait for the Lord, my soul waits, and in his word I hope.” Even...
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I Am the Resurrection and the Life (John 11:1-45, part 2)

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During Lent we often focus on the journey toward the cross. It is a time of reflection, repentance, and walking through the darkness of sorrow. However, the story of Jesus and his friend Lazarus reminds us that this journey does not end in death; it leads directly to the bright hope of resurrection . When Jesus arrived in Bethany, Lazarus had already been dead for four days. Martha met Jesus with a cry of honest grief that many of us recognize: “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.” It is a prayer born from heartbreak—the wish that God had come sooner or that the pain could have been avoided. Jesus did not offer Martha empty words of comfort or some abstract theological lesson. Instead, he met her exactly where she was and pointed her toward a truth greater than her circumstances. He invited her to trust not just in what he could do, but in who he is . Jesus made a astonishing declaration: “I am the resurrection and the life.” This is a profound shift in ...
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